11/12/2023 0 Comments Raindrop pattern![]() ![]() In India, high arsenic levels were reported in shallow alluvial aquifers whereas deep aquifers (>200 m) are considered safe. The natural sources of arsenic contamination include rocks, soil, and natural water, of which the most common is groundwater. It can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, or percutaneous absorption. The main sources of arsenic exposure are natural, industrial, and medicinal. ![]() Excretion is mainly through the kidneys (90–95%). Īrsenic is metabolized in the liver and detoxified by conversion into monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid. The trivalent form (arsenite) is more toxic than the pentavalent type. Inorganic forms can exist in trivalent (arsenite) or pentavalent (arsenate) state. Inorganic forms are the toxic contaminants of groundwater and medicinal preparations. Organic form known as arsenobetaine is the least toxic form of arsenic, which is commonly found in sea food, poultry, mushrooms, and rice. In nature as well as within the human body, arsenic can combine with other elements such as iron, sulfur, chlorine, and oxygen to form inorganic arsenic and with hydrogen and carbon to form organic arsenic. The term “arsenic” came from the Latin word “arsenicum” which was adopted originally from the Syriac word “(al) zarniqa,” meaning “yellow orpiment.” Earlier it was considered as a metalloid because of its combined metallic and non-metallic characteristics, but currently in the context of toxicology, it is considered as a toxic metal, which is colorless, tasteless, and odorless. In this review, we have tried to give an overview on arsenic toxicity with special reference to dermatologic manifestations. At present, no accepted international guidelines are available for the diagnosis and management of arsenicosis. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined “arsenicosis” as a “chronic health condition arising from prolonged ingestion (not less than 6 months) of arsenic above a safe dose, usually manifested by characteristic skin lesions, with or without involvement of internal organs.” With the reported rise in global prevalence of arsenic toxicity, it becomes important for health-care professionals to be aware of the various sources of exposure to arsenic, effects of arsenic on various organs, and the available treatment options.ĭermatologists have a crucial role to play in the early diagnosis of arsenic toxicity, since many a time, the initial manifestations are cutaneous. ![]() Nearly 230 million individuals from over 108 countries across the globe are currently at risk of arsenic toxicity. ![]()
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